After 40 years, the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine has remained the most effective treatment for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), wrote researchers with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
However, tumor recurrence and progression are common, especially for those patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS), commented Eugene J. Pietzak, M.D. and Harry W. Herr, M.D., in an Editorial published by the NEJM Evidence on December 27, 2022.
Furthermore, therapeutic options are limited when BCG treatment fails.
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